Reflex camera



5 Sheets-Sheet 1 v. i H v I. %E W ORNEY Aug. 29, 1944. J. PIGNONE REFLEX CAMERA Filed Aug. 21, 1940 r l l l l l I y l l I l I I IL Aug. 29, 1944. J. PIGNONE REFLEX CAMERA Filed Aug. 21 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR J05PH P/GNO/VE TTORNEY J. PIGNONE REFLEX CAMERA Aug. 29, 1944.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 21, 1940 j 247 m7 3 mvN'roq JOSEPH p/GNONE A TORNEY Aug. 29, 1944. J. PIGNONE REFLEX CAMERA Filed Aug. 21, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR E JOSKPH p/ca/vo/vE TORNEY J. PIGNONE REFLEX CAMERA Aug. 29, 1944.

Filed Aug 21, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR JOSE PH P/GNONE EORNEY Patented Aug. 29, 1944 REFLEX CAMERA Joseph Plgnone, Brooklyn, N. Y., asslgnor to Universal Camera Corporation, New York, N. Y., a

corporation of Delaware Application August 21, 1940, Serial No. 353,483

21 Claims.

This invention relates to reflex cameras. It is particularly directed to reflex cameras wherein the viewing optical system employs the objective lens of the photographic optical system and wherein a movable reflex mirror is used to reflect the object to be photographed upon a viewing screen.

It is customary when using a reflex camera of the character described to set the diaphragm associated with the objective lens at maximum aperture in order to most conveniently view and focus the object on the ground glass viewing screen. It is also common practice, in order to obtain a good depth of field or fine detail when employing a high speed film emulsion or relatively slow shutter speeds, to stop down the diaphragm aperture employed in photographing a scene.

Accordingly, with the ordinary reflex camera of the type aforementioned, it is necessary to set the diaphragm at its maximum aperture while viewing and focusing and to then manually reduce the diaphragm setting to the proper opening which the operator considers most desirable for photographing a specific object. This presents a considerable disadvantage, in that additional time for handling is thus involved in stopping down the aperture after a scene has been satisfactorily framed and focused. While this may be avoided in some cases by initially setting the diaphragm to the smaller aperture, the difiiculty is then presented that an insufficient amount of light is transmitted atsmall apertures.

Accordingly, one of the objects of this invention is to provide a highly practical and efficient reflex camera of the character described wherein the diaphragm is automatically opened to its maximum aperture during viewing, and wherein the diaphragm is automatically stopped down to a pre-selected aperture opening after a release button has been operated but before an exposure has been made.

A further object of this invention is to provide a reflex camera of the character described having novel means for automatically pre-selecting the shutter speed.

Another object of this invention is to provide a reflex camera having a shutter associated with the objective lens and disposed in front of the reflex mirror. I

Still a further object of this invention is to provide, in a reflex camera of the character described, novel driving means for actuating the mechanisms employed to pre-select the shutter speed and the diaphragm aperture.

A further object of this invention is to provide a reflex camera of the character described wherein the shutter is automatically opened during viewing and wherein by operation of the release button the shutter is automatically closed between viewing and exposure and then reopened for a pre-selected exposure period.

Still another object of this invention is to provide, in a reflex camera having means for automatically pre-setting the shutter speed, a less cumbersome and intricate and more exact shutter mechanism than the presently employed focal plane spring roller shutter.

An additional object of this invention is to provide a reflex camera of the character described having novel means for masking the ground glass viewing screen while the reflex mirror is in motion, to prevent light from entering the objective field through the viewing screen.

A further object of my invention is to provide a reflex camera of the character described which shall be economical to manufacture, rugged in construction and extremely simple to operate.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obviousand in part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of application will be indicated in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which is shown one of the various possible embodiments of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a refiex camera embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof;

Fig. 3 is a front elevational view thereof;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 4-4 of Fig. 2, showing cocked positions of various elements thereof and indicating in dot and dash lines the uncocked position of the reflex mirror driving linkage;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 55 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 6-6 of Fig. 5 but with the reflexing mirror in uncooked position and showing cocked positions of various elements thereof in dot and dash lines;

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line l--'| of Fig. 6 with the driving mechanisms removed;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 88 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken substantially along theline 3-3 of P18. 8;

Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line ll-Ill of Pig. 4 and showing various elements of the driving and timing mechanisms as they approach cocked position;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line ii-il of Fig. 10;

Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 are detail views of the driving, timing and release mechanisms in various positions during their operating cycles and showing respectively cocked position, position intermediate release and exposure, exposure position, and an early position during cooking;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line l6l3 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line ll-ll of Fig. 5;

Fig. 18 is a side elevational view of the reflexing mirror assembly, showing the position thereof intermediate the release and exposure;

Fig. 19 is a rear view of the shutter speed setting ring; and

Fig. 20 is a rear view of the diaphragm aperture setting ring.

In the following description, the direction of rotation of any member, unless otherwise stated, is with reference to an observer at the front of the camera.

The casing and film handlina mechanism In the accompany g drawings and more particularly Figs. 1 through 7, I have shown a reflex camera 23 comprising a hollow box-like casing of a molded plastic material, such a for example a phenol condensate, which for ease of assembly may consist of front and rear sections 23 and 27. A shoulder 23 and inset flange 23 on the front section 23 frictionally engages the edge 33 of the rear section 21, to hold the sections in assembled relation and provide a light seal. The casing as thus formed comprises top and bottom walls 3| and 32, side walls 33 and 34, and front and rear walls 35 and 33.

The rear portion of the camera may be bulged as at 31 and 38 (Fig. 2) to provide film chambers for the usual feed and take-up spool 33 and 43. A film spool winding knob 4| for actuating the film take-up spool 43 through any suitable train of mechanism is rotatably mounted on the top wall 3| of the casing. To provide access at the rear of the casing for inserting the feed roll 33 and threading the film 42 in its work path, an aperture 43 is provided in the rear wall 33 of the casing, large enough to pass the film spool with which the camera is designed to be used.

The aperture 43 is closed by means of a door 44 operating on a hinge 45 on the bulged portion of the side wall 34. Marginal grooves 43, recessed along the top, bottom and side edges of the swinging door 44, cooperate with mating flanges 41 which define the inner edges of the apertur 43 to provide a light seal at this juncture.

Parallel to and spaced a short distance forward of the rear wall 33 is a film supporting wall 43, having an aperture 43 which is in optical alignment with the photographical optical system of the camera and of the same dimensions as the negative. A pair of parallel ledges 33, formed on the rear surface of the plate 43 and disposed above and below the aperture 43, provide a film path for guiding the film over the aperture 43 and between the feed and take-up spools 33 and 43.

Cooperating parts of a suitable catch member ii are attached to the free end of the swinging 7e a,sse,seo

door 44, and the bulged out portion of the side wall 33, to releasably hold the swinging door in closed position.

The swinging door 44 may also carry means. such as the springrsupported pressure pad 32, shown in Fig. 4, to hold the film 42 against the plate 43.

A film viewing aperture 33 (Fig. 8) covered by a transparent red plate opaque to actinic rays, is suitably disposed in the swinging door 44.

The shutter speed and diaphrdam aperture preselecting mechanism;

The reflex camera 23 is provided with a combined shutter, lens and diaphragm assembly indicated at .13 in Fig. 6. The said assembly may be of any type well known to the art, such as for example one having an objective lens comprising a pair of spaced lenses L, L between which are disposed an iris type shutter B and an iris type diaphragm D. By associating the shutter with the objective lens, bulky focal plane shutters which must sweep over an aperture at least as large as the aperture 43 in the plate 43, are eliminated and in their stead simpler, more compact and more exact shutters, such as for example the iris type, may be employed.

The casing for said assembly 13 ha a central portion II of relatively large diameter housing the shutter S and diaphragm D, and end portions I2 and 13 of smaller diameter housing the lenses L, L. The forward lens housing 12 is received in an aperture 14 in the front wall 33 of the camera casing. The central casing portion II is disposed within a chamber 13 carried on the rear face of the front wall 35. This chamber 13 comprises a circular side wall '13 closed at its rear end by a disc 11 having a centrally disposed aperture I3 in optical alignment with the aperture 14 and adapted to freely receive the rear lens housing 13. The disc may also be provided with a pair of arcuate slots 13 and 33 for the P rpose hereinafter described. The central housing II is firmly held between the front wall 33 of the camera casing and the disc 11 is prevented from sidewise movement by frictional engagement between the forward lens housing 12 and aperture 14.

In accordance with my invention, I provide means for pre-selecting the shutter speed and diaphragm aperture determined by the operator of th camera to be most desirable for the taking of any given scene. Such means may comprise a pair of diametrically opposed lever arms 3! and 32, whose respective positions relative to the housing li regulate the shutter speed and diaphragm aperture of the enclosed shutter S and diaphragm D, in any manner well known to the art. Said lever arms 3| and 32 project from the shutter and diaphragm housing H and are provided with rearward extensions 33 and 34 respectively.

Integrally formed on the rear face of the disc I1 are a pair of diametrically opposed arcuate ledges 33 and 33 (Fig. 7) disposed between the slots 13 and 33. The outer surfaces of said ledges are provided with a plurality of concentric arcuate steps 31, 33 and 33, as clearly shown in Figs. 7 and 17. Journalled on these steps are three rings 33, 3| and 32, which serve respectively as the driving ring, the shutter speed settin ring and the diaphragm aperture setting ring.

The diaphragm aperture setting ring 32 comassaaeo rear surface of the plate II and the rear face of the disc is provided with an annular stub flange 96 adjacent the aperture 94 which abuts the front surface of the shutter speed setting ring II. Pro- Jecting inwardly of aperture 94 is an L-shaped arm 99 which passes freely through the arcuate slot 60 and is provided with a groove 61 which engages the extension 94 on the diaphragm setting lever arm 62. The disc 93 is also provided with a' forwardly extending marginal ledge 96 which has a stepped cam surface 96 (Figs. 4 and 20) whose several steps are spaced from each other an angu lar distance equal to the angle of travel of the diaphragm aperture setting lever arm 62 between the several diaphragm apertureopenlngs. A portion I of the marginal ledge 90 which is of greater height than the remainder of said ledge is provided with an outwardly extending sector i'iange IN. A pin I02 is mounted on the rear surface of the disc 93. An arcuate limiting stop slot I03 concentric with the aperture 94 is also provided on the disc 93.

To constantly urge the diaphragm aperture setting ring 92 in a clockwise direction towards the position of minimum aperture opening, I provide a long helical spring I04 which bears on the raised ledge portion I00 and is prevented from shifting by the flange I M. Said spring I04 is tensioned between a pin I05 on the fiange IOI and a pin I05a mounted on the bottom wall 32 of the camera casing.

The shutter speed setting ring 9I, which is disposed at the rear of the diaphragm aperture setting ring 92, is generally similar in shape to the said diaphragm aperture setting ring and comprises a fiat disc I00 having a central aperture I01 and a rearwardly projecting stub ledge I09 which is disposed around said aperture and abuts the front surface of the drive ring 90. The marginal ledge I09 provided on the forward surface of the disc I06 is adapted to be received over the diaphragm aperture setting disc 92 and is provided with a stepped cam surface H0 and portion II I of greater height than the remainder of said ledge I09. The several steps of the cammed surface IIO are spaced from each other an angular distance equal to the angle of travel of the shutter speed setting lever arm 8| between the several shutter speeds. The disc I06 is provided with a sector flange I I2 adjacent the raised ledge portion III. Projecting inwardly of the aperture I01 is an L-shaped arm H9 which passes freely through the arcuate slot 19 and is provided with a groove II4 which grips the extension 03 on the shutter speed setting lever arm 9|. An arcuate limiting stop slot H5 and a rearwardly extending pin II6 are also formed on the disc I06. In order to enable the pin I02 of the diaphragm aperture setting ring 92 to extend freely to the rear of the disc I06, I provide another arcuate slot I IT on the disc I06 which may comprise in part, as shown in Fig. 19, a widening of the limiting stop slot I I5.

To constantly urge the shutter speed setting ring 9| in a clockwise direction towards the position of fastest speed, I provide a long helical spring II8 which bears on the raised marginal portion III of the disc I06 and is prevented from shifting by the sector flange II2. Said spring is tensioned similarly to the spring I04 between a pin II9 on the sector fiange H2 and a stationary pin I02 on the bottom wall 32 of the camera casing. i

I provide the following mechanism to cooperate with the stepped cam surface IIO of the ring 9| and stop the said ring at a pre-selected shutter speed: A cylindrical casing I26 is formed on the front wall 35 of the camera casing (Fig. 17) with portions thereof projecting forwardly and rearwardly of said front wall. Integral with the rear of the casing I25 is an arm I 26a having a keyway I26. A barrel cam I21 is disposed within the casing I25 and is journalled on a circular projection I23 formed on the rear wall I26b of the casing I25. The cam I2'I is rotatably held by a screw I29 which threadedly engages the projection, I20. A hand operable fiuted knob I30 having an integral sleeve I3I provided with indicating numerals I32 (see Fig. 1) is adapted to rotate with said cam I21, being held in positive engagement therewith in any suitable manner, as by a plurality of mating radial grooves and projections (not shown), on abutting surfaces of the knob I30 and cam I21. A key I34 is received in said keyway I26 and is provided at its forward end with a cam following a'rm I35 which rides on the barrel cam I2'I. The rear end of the key I34 has a stop finger I36 which lies in the path of the cammed surface IIO of the shutter ring 9I.

Suitable means is provided to cause the key I34 to follow the cam I2'I as the latter is rotated by the knob I30. Said means may comprise a coil spring I31 (see Figs. 7 and 10) which has a free end slidably received in a hole I39 in the finger stop I39 and constantly urges the key I34 rearwardly.

When the knob I30 is rotated, the barrel cam I21 will cause the key I34 to move either rearwardly or forwardly and assume a given position with respect to the plane of the disc I06. It is thus seen that when the shutter ring 9I is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction to its extreme position, it will carry the shutter speed lever arm 8I to a bulb" shutter setting. When the direction of rotation of the ring 9I is then reversed and the spring II9 allowed to turn the ring in a clockwise direction, it will continue to rotate until one of the shoulders of the stepped cam 99 strikes the stop fingers I36 on the key I34, thus stopping rotation and setting the shutter at a speed corresponding to that indicated by the selected numeral I32.

Meanssimilar to the above described shutter speed pre-selecting means is also provided to preselect the diaphragm aperture opening, the various parts thereof being denoted in the drawings by primed numerals similar to those employed in the description of the shutter speed pre-selecting means. It will be seen, however, by reference to Fig. 5, that the stop finger I36 which cooperates with the cammed surface 99 on diaphragm ring 92 to stop it at a pre-selected diaphragm aperture opening, is slightly longer than the corresponding stop finger I36 associated with the shutter ring 9i, since the cammed surface IIO of the shutter ring has a smaller radius than the cammed surface 99 of the diaphragm ring.

The driving, timing and'release mechanisms Abutting the rear surface of the drive ring to hold the drive ring 90, the shutter ring 9I and the diaphragm ring 92 in assembled contacting relationship is a plate I50 (Fig. 6) having a central aperture I5I in optical alignment with the photographic optical system of the camera and of sufficient diameter to allow the cone of light rays R-R to pass unobstructed therethrough. The plate I50 is suitably held in position, as by a screw I52 (Fig. 10) which threadedly engages an ear I88 (Fig. 7) projecting interiorly of one of the stepped ledges 88.

The pins H8 and I82 which project rearward- 1y of the shutter and diaphragm rings II and 82 are slidably received in an arcuate slot I84 formed in the drive ring 88. The slot I84 is bridged adjacent one end thereof by the free leg of an over-drive hairpin spring I 88, which is adapted to resiliently urge the pins I82 and I I8 in a counterclockwise direction when the drive ring is cooked. The other leg or the spring I88 is captively held in any suitable manner as by a grooved plate I88 disposed on the rear face of the drive ring 88..

In order to hold the drive ring 88 in cocked position during viewing and until the release button I88 is actuated, the periphery of the drive ring 88 is notched to provide a ratch I88. The ratch I88 cooperates with a detent I88 formed on one end of a lever I88 which is pivotally mounted, as at I8I, on a post I82 provided for this purpose on a side wall 84 of the camera casing. The other end I88 of the lever I88 is urged in a counter-clockwise direction by a spring I84 maintained under tension between this end and the top wall 8| of the camera casing.

Means is provided to release the driving ring from cocked position by unlatching the detent I88 from the ratch I88. Such means comprises a release shaft I85 slidably held in the top wall 8I of the camera casing and provided at its upper end with a finger release button I88. A lateral projection I 81 on one side of the release shaft I85 is provided to engage a mating projection I88 on the lever I 88 adjacent the spring I84, so that when the finger release I88 is pressed to its extreme downward position, shown in Figs. 13 and 14, the lever I 68 will be rotated in a clockwise direction to raise the detent I88 from the ratch I58 and release the drive ring 88. A spring I88 is tensioned between the top wall 8I of the camera casing and an arm I 18 on the release shaft I88 to normally maintain the rele shaft in its upper position shown in Figs. 10, 2 and 15.

When employing a shutter associated with the objective lens of the camera, it is necessary to first have the shutter open during viewing, then closed when the reflexing mirror is moved from a viewing to a. photographing position, and finally opened for a pre-selected period of exposure. The mechanism provided for this cycle of operations comprises a shutter actuating shaft I18 which projects rearwardly from the shutter-diaphragm-lens assembly 18 through an aperture I16 (Fig. 17) in the plate 11 and an aperture I11 in the plate I58. Said shaft I18 has two extreme positions which may be called the "operative position," shown in Fig. 12, wherein the shutter is actuated at a set speed, and the unoperated position, shown in Fig. 15, to which spring means (not shown) associated with the shutter tends to return the shaft. The shutter actuating shaft I15 is provided at its rear end with a crank arm I18 which pivotally engages. as at I18, one end of a rigid arcuate link I 88. A slot I8I is provided in the other end of the link I88 for slidable and rotative engagement with a pin I 82 mounted on the plate 11 and extending through the plate I88. Fixedly mounted on the rigid link I88 is a spring link I 88 having a portion I84 spaced a slight distance away from the said rigid link. Extending outwardly from the portion I84, I provide a spring arm I88 which has a forwardly extending finger I88 (Fig. 16). Cooperating with the spring arm I88 and finger assasso I88 is a cam I81 permanently attached to the driveringll. Thiscamisofaspecialshape and is adapted to actuate the shutter shaft I18 through the sequence of operations above described.

The end portions of the cam I81 are tapered to form outwardly sloping cam surfaces I88 and I88. Between said surfaces is an idling cam surface Ill concentric with the central aperture of the drive ring 88. An inclined return groove III isprovidedattherearendofthecamwhichis in alignment with the spring finger I88 when the shutter actuating shaft I18 is in unoperated position.

Means is also provided to maintain the shutter actuating shaft I18 in operative position as long as the finger button I88 is depressed when an operator has pre-selected a "bulb" exposure. Such means comprises a pendant arm I88 pivotally mounted on the lower extremity of the release shaft I88 and a pin I88 on the cam I81 adjacent the groove "I. When the cam driving ring 88 rotates in a clockwise direction, after the release shaft I88 has been depressed, the arm I88 will be engaged by the spring flnger I88 while it is sliding on the idling cam surface I88 and will rotate said arm I88 in a clockwise direction to the position shown in Fig. 13. As the ring 88 continues to rotate and approaches exposure position, the spring finger I88 will be depressed by the cam surface I88 and open the shutter on the downward "bulb" stroke. At the same time, the pin I88 will contact the arm I88 and rotate it in a counter-clockwise direction against an abutment I81 on the release shaft I88, as shown in Fig. 14. In this position, the arm I88 is locked and forms a rigid extension of the release shaft I88 which prevents the spring finger I88 from moving outwardly after it has cleared the cam surface I 88, and thus maintains the shutter actuating shaft I15 in its operative position with the shutter open. When finger pressure is removed from the release button I88, the release shaft I88 will spring upwardly, carrying with it the arm I 88. This action permits the spring finger I88 to move outwardly and allows the shutter actuating shaft I18 to return to unoperated position.

In order to rotate the drive ring 88 in a counterclockwise direction to cook the shutter and diaphragm rings 8| and 82, I mount a quadrantal gear rack 288 (Figs. 4 and 10) which meshes with a gear sector "I carried on a shaft 282. Said shaft 282 is Journalled in the side wall 84 of the camera casing and is provided on a portion extending through the camera casing with a cocking lever 288. A spring 288 which actuates the drive ring 88 and timing mechanism on the exposure stroke is tensioned between a pin 281 on the gear sector MI and a stub shaft 288 mounted on the side wall 84 of the camera casing.

To limit travel of the drive shutter and diaphragm rings 88, 8I and 82, a rearwardly proiecting pin 288 is fixed to the shutter and housing chamber 18 and is freely received in the aligned slots I84, I I8 and I88 in the said three rings.

The reflezing and masking mechanisms The top wall 88 of the camera casing is provided with an aperture H8 in which is inserted a ground glass viewing screen 2I8 of the usual type known to the art. The aperture 2|! may be closed by a door 2I1 hingedly mounted as at 2I8 to the front edge of the aperture. A suitassasso able handle 2I8 and spring catch 228 may also be provided.

' Integrally formed with the front and side walls defining 'the aperture H5 is a reflex mirror housing 22I (Figs. 6, 8 and 18) which is substantially quarter-cylindrical in shape, the front portion 222 of said housing being of a slightly larger radius than the rear portion 223 thereof. The said front portion 222 is provided with an aperture 224 adjacent the lens assembly 18 which is in alignment with the photographic optical system. The rear of the mirror housing 22I is formed integrally with the transverse wall 48.

Journalled in the side walls 228 and 221 of the mirror housing HI I provide a reflexing shaft 228. Mounted on said shaft 228 for rotation therewith is a capping or masking plate 228 which is attached to said shaft by means of a pair of arms 238 bent around the shaft and held thereto by rivets 23I. The free ends 233 of-said arms 238 are bent radially outward of the reflexing shaft 228 and may be supported, in such position by means of specially tapered heads 232 provided on the rivets 23I. The upper end of the capping plate 228 is provided with'an arcuate extension 228a (Figs. 6 and 18), partially encircling the shaft 228 which, together with the arms 238, abuts a strip of plush 225 supported .on a ledge 225a -raised on the front face of the wall 48 in order to prevent light entering through the viewing screen from passing around the shaft 228 and fogging the film '42. 4

The refiexing mirror 234 is rotatably mounted on said shaft 228 by means of a backing plate 285 slightly longer than the capping plate 228. Said backing plate is provided with a pair of looped ears 238 which freely encircle the shaft m. a helical spring 231 is loosely carried on said shaft between the ears 238 of the mirror backing plate 235 and is provided at its extremities with legs 238 and 238 which abut the neighboring surfaces of the capping plate 228 and backing plate 235. Said spring is maintained under torsional tension between said capping and backing plates.

A shoulder 248 is provided on the front wall of the mirror housing Hi to limit the upward travel of the capping plate and backing plate. Another shoulder 2 is formed at the juncture between the front and back portions 222 and 223 of the mirror housing. It will be seen, by reference to Fig. 18, that the backing plate 235 is adapted to rotate only in the front portion 222 of the mirror housing, being stopped at either end thereof by the shoulders 248 and 2. The capping plate 228 is free to sweep through the entire mirror housing between the upper shoulder 248 and the rear ledge 242. During such travel of the capping plate, the edges thereof lightly press upon all the walls of the mirror housing 22I, except the front portion 222, to form a light seal therewith.

When the capping plate 228, mirror 234 and backing plate 235 are in position shown in Fig. 4, it is obvious that an operator may see on the viewing screen the scene which is transmitted through the objective lens of the camera.

As the shaft 228 is rotated from the position shown in Fig. 4, the mirror 234 and capping plate 228 will move together in constant angular relationship with respect to one another, the backing plate 235 being abutted against the radial arm ends 233 by action of the spring 231, until the edge of the backing plate 235 strikes the shoulder 248. At this time, the capping plate 228, mirror 234 and backing plate 235 will be in the position shown in Fig. 18. As the shaft 228 continues to rotate, thecapping plate 229 will approach the backing plate 235 against the torsional action of the spring 231 until the capping plate 228 lies substantially flat against the said backing plate 235, as shown in full lines in Fig. 6, in which position the camera is ready to photograph a scene.

In order to rotate the mirror shaft 228 in properly timed relation with the other mechanisms heretofore described, I provide a crank arm 245 on an extension 248 of the shaft projecting through the mirror casing 22I. Said crank arm is provided with a pin 241 which is connected through a link 248 to a pin 248 carried on the gear sector 28I. The pins 241, 248 and link 248 should be klnematically proportioned so that the shaft 228 will rotate approximately 90 while the gear sector 28I and drive ring 88 travel through an arc of as indicated in Fig. 4.

Correlated cycles of operation of the various mechanisms Assuming that a picture has been taken and the operator desires to photograph another scene, the knob 4| is rotated until the following exposure number on the film is visible through the aperture 53. At this time the camera is in uncooked position, the reflex mirror 234 bein in its extreme upper position, as shown in Fig. 6, and the shutter being closed.

The camera is now loaded or cocked by rotating the cooking lever 283 in a clockwise direction (as viewed from Fig. 1). This action causes rotation of the shaft 282 and gear sector 28I, stretching the spring 288 and storing energy therein for operation of the various parts when the operator later actuates the release button I88. The cocking motion of the gear sector 28I rotates the rack 288 and drive ring 88 in a countar-clockwise direction.

When the drive ring 88 begins its cocking cycle, the spring finger I88 is resting on the surface of the drive ring adjacent the lower end of this motion of the drive ring and spring finger I88, the arcuate link I88 remains in the position shown in Fig. 13 with the crank arm I18 and shutter actuating shaft I15 in their unoperated positions. As the drive ring is rotated further in the same direction, the spring finger I88 encounters the cam surface "land is pushed inwardly (as shown in Fig. 10), sliding the arcuate link I88 downwardly and pivoting said link in a clockwise direction about the pivot I82. This movement of the link I88 causes the crank arm I18 and shutter actuating shaft I15 to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction until the shutter actuating shaft reaches operative position, as shown in Fig. 12, at the end of the cooking stroke.

At this time, the pawl I58 enters the ratch I58 on the drive ring 88 to latch the latter in cocked position until such time as the operator actuates the release button I88.

While the drive ring 88 is rotating as above described, the over-drive spring I55, against which the pins I82 and 8 of the diaphragm and shutter rings abut under the action of the helical springs I84 and H8, rotates the diaphragm and shutter rings 92 and 9I in a counterclockwise direction to loaded position. This movement of the two setting rings causes the diaphragm and shutter lever arms 82 and 9| to move to their extreme position in a counterclockwise sense, as shown in Fig. 5, at which time the diaphragm lever arm 92 will be in a position corresponding to maximum aperture and the shutter lever arm 9I will be in a position corresponding to bulb" exposure.

It is thus apparent that when the shutter actuating shaft I15 reaches cocked position, as shown in Fig. 12, and operates the shutter, the shutter will remain open for viewing and the diaphragm will be set at its maximum aperture.

Further rotation of the diaphragm and shutter rings 92 and 9I is prevented by the stop pin 209 which contacts the ends of the slots I09 and H5. Said pin will also contact the end of the slot I54 on the drive ring 99 to prevent rotation of the latter for any considerable distance past cocking position. The slots I03, I I and I54 are so disposed with respect to each other and the stop pin 209 that when the diaphragm and shutter rings. 92 and 9| are stopped by the pin 299, the drive ring 90 will continue to rotate and the free leg of the over-drive spring I55 will bend back to allow the drive ring to travel until the stop pin 209 engages the end of the slot I54. After pressure is released from the cooking lever 293, the drive ring which has gone slightly beyond latched position will rotate in a clockwise direction until pawl I59 engages ratch I58.

It will be noted that by provision of the overdrive mechanism I rotate the diaphragm and shutter rings 92 and 9| to their fully loaded position, shown in Fig. 5, before the shutter actuating shaft I is brought to operative position, and thus ensure that the shutter is not tripped until the diaphragm is at maximum aperture and the shutter is set at bulb.

As the gear sector I rotates in a clockwise direction during cocking, as viewed from Fig. 4, it will also similarly rotatethe mirror shaft 229 through the link system comprising the pin 249 mounted on the gear sector "I, link 249, pin 24! and crank arm 24!. During the first part of the rotation of the shaft 229 from the uncooked position shown in Fig. 6, the masking plate 229 will swing downwardly through the first portion 222 of the mirror chamber 22I until it passes the shoulder 2. The backing plate 235 and mirror 234 throughout this first motion remain in their upper position against the shoulder 240, due to the spreading action of the spring 231 exerted between the masking plate 229 and backing plate 235. As the shaft 228 continues to rotate, the radial arm portion 233 will engage the backing plate and both the masking plate and backing plate will move through the mirror chamber 22I. During this latter phase of the mirror shafts motion, the masking plate 229 will sweep through the portion 223 of the mirror chamber 22I while the backing plate 235 sweeps through the portion 222 thereof. At the end of the motion of the masking plate and backing plate, the masking plate will abut the rear ledge 242 of the mirror casing HI and the backing plate 235 will abut the shoulder 2 of said casing.

It will thus be seen that when the various parts of the camera are in cocked position, the shutter will be open and the viewing optical system will comprise the objective lens, the refiexing mirror 234 and the ground glass viewing plate 2| 6.

As .the shutter does not open until the masking plate 229 abuts the rear ledge 242 of the mirror chamber, and the edges of the masking plate are in contact with the walls of the portion 223 of the mirror casing 22I, no light can reach the film 42 either through the viewing screen III or the objective lens.

The operator may now view the scene he desires to photograph through an exposure meter to determine the desired shutter speed and diaphragm aperture opening. These readings are transferred to the camera by rotating the diaphragm and shutter setting knobs I39 and I39 until the numbers marked on sleeves I3I and III are in alignment with a fixed mark (not shown) on the front wall of the camera casing. The barrel cams I21 and I2'I' turn with the knobs I99 and I39 and cause the keys I34 and I34 to slide in the keyways I29 and I29, so that the positions of the stop fingers I29 and I39 correspond to the settings of the numerals I32, I32 on the sleeves I3I and I3I'.

The camera is now in a loaded condition and the operator may view the scene desired to be photographed on the ground glass viewing screen I28 properly framing the same thereon, and at the same time varying the spacing of the front objective lens housing I2 from the film 42, as is well known in the art, to focus the scene to any desired degree of sharpness. Then, upon depressing the finger button I44, the scene viewed in th ground glass screen will be photographed upon the film 42 without any further manipulation on the part of the operator, the shutter and diaphragm rings 9I and 92 hereinabove described operating to set the pre-selected diaphragm aperture opening and shutter speed and the drive ring serving to trip the shutter.

When the finger button I is depressed, the projection I91 carried on the release shaft I" will engage the projection I 69 on the lever I, raising the detent I59 out of the ratch I93 and unlatching the drive ring 99. The drive spring 209 will then actuate the gear sector 2 and rack 200 to rotate the drive ring 90 In a clockwise direction. Immediately the drive ring 90 begins to rotate, the spring finger I 99, which is riding on the cam surface I98, will move outwardly, allowing the shutter actuating shaft I" to be turned in a clockwise direction by the spring in the shutter casing I9 to close the shutter.

While the drive ring 99 is rotating for the first 30? of its travel from fully cooked position, the mirror shaft 229 will turn approximately 45, causing the backing plate 235 to sweep through the portion 222 of the mirror casing I. As the backing plate passes the aperture 234 of the mirror casing, light from the viewing plate 2" will pass around the front edge of the backing plate. This light will be prevented from impinging on the film 42 by the masking plate 229, which during this movement has its edges lightly pressed against the walls of the portion 223 of the mirror casing. When the backing plate 235 abuts against the top shoulder 249, the viewing plate will be completely shut off from the mirror casing 22I by the said backing plate, as shown in Fig. 18.

As the drive ring 99 and mirror shaft 229 are rotated further, the backing plate will remain stationary and the masking plate 229 will approach it, torsionally compressing the spring 231 until the masking plate comes in clos proximity to the backing plate 235, as shown in Figs. 6 and 9. In this position the masking plate has cleared the aperture 224 at the front of the mirror chamber HI and prepared the photographic optical system for exposure of the film 42.

After the drive ring 98 rotates beyond the first 30 of its travel, the spring finger I86 will follow the idling cam surface I98 until it reaches the cam surface I89, where it is surged inwardly, rotating the link I88 in a clockwise direction and causing the crank arm I18 and shaft I to turn in a counter-clockwise direction until, when the spring finger I86 reaches the end of the said cam surface I89, the shaft I15 will reach operative position and trip the shutter for exposure.

When the drive ring 98 is released from cocked position, the over-drive spring I55 will move away from the pins I82 and I I6 on the diaphragm and shutter rings 92 and SI, allowing these rings to be rotated in a clockwise direction bythe springs I86 and H8 until a shoulder on their stepped cam surfaces 99 and H8 strikes against the stop fingers I36 and I36, setting the diaphragm and shutter at their pro-selected aperture openin and shutter speed.

In the event that the shuter ring 9| is stopped before the diaphragm ring 92, the pin I82 of the diaphragm ring will continue to travel through the slot II1 on the shutter ring following the drive spring I55 until a shoulder on the stepped cam surface 99 encounters the stop finger I36.

The stepped cam surfaces 99 and I I8 are so disposed relative to the end of the cam surface I88 that the diaphragm and shutter will be set at their pre-selected aperture opening and shutter speed before the spring finger I86 reaches the end of the cam surface I89 to trip the shutter and xpose the film.

After exposure the drive ring 98- continues to rotate until the stop pin 289 abuts against the end of the slot I54 remote from the over-drive spring I56 and allows the spring finger I86 to be urged outwardly into alignment with the inclined groove I9I by the spring associated with the shutter through the train of mechanisms consisting of shaft I15, crank arm I18, pivot pin I19, rigid link I88 and resilient link I88. The various elements of the camera are then in position to repeat the above described cycles of operation.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a device in which the several objects of this invention are achieved, and which is well adapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in the accompanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

I claim:

1. In a reflex camera of the character described, in combination a casing having an aperture for receiving photographic sensitive material, one of the walls of said casing being of segmental circular shape, one half of said wall being of greater radius than the other half of said wall, the half of said wall which is of lesser radius being disposed adjacent said aperture, an aperture in the half of said wall of greater radius, said first and second apertures being in optical alignment with the optical axis of the camera, a capping plate oscillatable in said casing and forming a light seal with the portion of said casing including the wall half of smaller radius and a mirror oscillatable in that portion of easing including the wall half of larger radius.

2. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 1 wherein the capping plate and mirror are carried on the same shaft and are rotatable relative to each other and wherein the capping plate moves during movement of the mirror.

3. A reflex camera comprising an objective lens, a member disposed rearwardly of said lens and having an aperture adapted to receive photographically sensitive material, a shutter, a viewing screen, a reflex mirror intermediate said shutter and said apertured member, means to mount said mirror for reciprocal movement from a first position in which it will reflect light from said lens to said viewing screen to a second position in which it will allow light to pass uninterruptedly from said lens to said aperture and in which second position it will prevent light from entering said camera through said viewing screen, a capping plate associated with said mirror, means to mount said capping plate for reciprocal movement from a first position in which it blocks light from said aperture to a second position in which it clears said aperture, means to reciprocate said capping plate between its said positions, and means interconnecting the capping plate and reflex mirror for moving said mirror from its first named to its second named position 9 upon movement of the capping plate from the latters first named to its second named position and while the capping plate is still blocking said aperture and for moving the mirror from its second named to its first named position upon movement of the capping plate from the latters second named to its first named position and while the capping plate is moving and is blocking said aperture.

4. A reflex camera comprising an objective lens, a member disposed rearwardly of said lens and having an aperture adapted to receive photographically sensitive material, a shutter, a viewing screen, a reflex mirror intermediate said shutter and said apertured member, means to rotatably mount said mirror for oscillation from a first position in which it will reflect light from said lens to said viewing screen to a second position in which it will allow light to pass uninterruptedly from said lens to said aperture and in which second position it will prevent light from entering said camera through said viewing screen, a capping plate associated with said mirror, means to rotatably mount said capping plate for oscillation from a first position in which itblocks light from said aperture to a second position in which it clears said aperture, means to oscillate said capping plate between its said positions, and means interconnecting the capping plate and reflex mirror for moving said mirror from its first named to its second named position upon movement of the capping plate from the latters first named to its second named position and while the capping plate is still blocking said aperture and for moving the mirror from its second named to its first named position upon movement of the capping plate from the latters second named to its first named position and while the capping plate is moving and is blocking said aperture.

5. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 4 wherein the means interconnecting the capping plate and reflex mirror is ,resilient so that the capping plate can be moved part of the way between its two positions without moving the mirror and part of the way between its two positions while moving the mirror.

6. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 4 wherein the capping plate is movable in a casing while the mirror moves between its two positions, said capping plate forming a light seal with the walls of said casing so that it will block light from said aperture while it is moving during movement 01' the mirror between said positions.

7. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 4 wherein the capping plate in its first position is substantially parallel to the apertured member and angularly spaced from the reflex mirror in the latters first position, wherein the capping plate and mirror maintain such relative angular relationship during the movement of the mirror from its first to its second named position, and wherein the means interconnecting the capping plate and mirror is resilient so that the capping plate can complete its movement to its second named position after the mirror has reached its second named position.

8. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 4 wherein the capping plate in its first position is substantially parallel to the apertured member and angularly spaced 45 from the reflex mirror in the latters first position, wherein the capping plate and mirror maintain such relative angular relationship during the movement 01 the mirror from its first to its second named position, and wherein the means interconnecting the capping plate and mirror is resilient so that the capping plate can complete its movement to its second named position after the mirror has reached its second named position.

9. A reflex camera as set forth in claim 4 wherein the capping plate in its first position is substantially parallel to the apertured member and angularly spaced 45 from the reflex mirror in the latters first position, wherein the capping plate and mirror maintain such relative angular relationship during the movement or the mirror from its first to its second named position, wherein the means interconnecting the capping plate and mirror is resilient so that the capping plate can complete its movement to its second named position after the mirror has reached its second named position, and wherein the capping plate is movable in a casing with the wallsv of which the edges of the capping plate form a light seal while the mirror is moving between its two positions so that during movement of the mirror and the capping plate the capping plate blocks light from the aperture.

10. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system eflective and said photographic optical system ineffective, a shutter havinga shutter tripping means and a plurality of difierent instantaneous exposures and an exposure such that upon depression oi said tripping means said shutter will open and remain open until further movement of said tripping means, shutter speed selecting means, means to preselect any one of said exposure periods by limiting movement of said selecting means, means operable upon actuation of the mirror positioning mechanism to open said shutter for viewing by setting said speed selecting means at said described speed and depressing said tripping means, means to close said shutter after viewing and before exposure by raising said tripping means, and means to reopen said shutter at a preselected exposure speed by actuating the shutter speed selecting means and then again depressing said tripping means.

11. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical stystem, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system ineflective, a shutter having a shutter tripping means and a plurality of diiierent instantaneous exposures and an exposure such that upon depression of said tripping means said shutter will open and remain open until further movement oi said tripping means, shutter speed selecting means, means to preselect any one 01' said exposure periods by limiting movement oi said selecting means, means operable upon actuation oi the mirror positioning mechanism to open said shutter for viewing by setting said speed selecting means at said described speed and depressing said tripping means, means to close said shutter after viewing and before exposure by raising said tripping means, and means to reopen said shutter at a preselected exposure speed by actuating the shutter speed selecting means and then again depressing said tripping means, said last named means including a control member which the speed selecting means follows until said speed selecting means is halted by the preselecting means, said member functioning to depress the tripping means for exposure after said member has passed a position corresponding to the extreme movement of said speed selecting means.

12. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system inefl'ective, a shutter having a shutter tripping means and a plurality of diii'erent instantaneous exposures and an exposure such that upon depression of said tripping means said shutter will open and remain open until further movement of said tripping means, shutter speed selecting means, means to preselect anyone of said exposure periods by limiting movement of said selecting means, means operable upon actuation of the mirror positioning mechanism to open said shutter for viewing by setting said speed selecting means at said described speed and depressing said tripping means. a release member, and means operable upon a single downstroke of said release member to automatically close said shutter after viewing and before actuation by raising said tripping means and to reopen said shutter at a preselected exposure speed by actuating the shutter speed selecting means and then again depressing said tripping means.

13. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a shutter associated with said lens, said shutter being adjustable for several exposure periods including a plurality of difl'erent instantaneous exposures and one at which the shutter opens and remains open when a shutter tripping means is depressed, means to vary the exposure 01' said shutter, said last named means being reciprocable between two extreme positions, means assaaso to preselect any one oi. said exposure periods by limiting movement of said selecting means, a driving mechanism to move said exposure varying means between said two positions, means to load said driving mechanism, means operative upon actuation of said loading means to set said shutter at said described speed and depress said tripping means, means also operative upon the actuation of said loading means to position said reflex mirror in such manner as to render said viewing optical system eflective, a release member, means operable upon a downstroke oi said release member to first close said shutter by raising said tripping means, to then release said driving mechanism which moves said exposure varying means to set said shutter at a preselected exposure period and to finally reopen said shutter for exposure at said preselected speed by again depressing said tripping means.

14. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a member having an aperture adapted to receive photographically sensitive material, a shutter having several exposure periods including one at which the shutter will open and remain open when a shutter tripping means is depressed, reciprocable shutter speed selecting'means, a reciprocable member to move said speed selecting means and thereby vary the exposure period of said shutter, said member being movable between two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said member between said two positions, means to preselect anyone of said exposure periods by limiting movement oi said member, means to load said driving mechanism, means operative upon actuation of said loading means to set said shutterat said described speed, a diaphragm of variable aperture, reciprocable diaphragm aperture varying means, a reciprocable member to move said diathird member also having means to trip said shutter at said preselected exposure speed after said mirror has been set in its last named position, said diaphragm has been set at its preselected opening and said shutter has been set at its preselected speed. i

15. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a member having an aperture adapted to receive photographically sensitive material, a shutter having several exposure periods including one at which the shutter will open and remain open when a shutter tripping means is depressed, oscillatible shutter speed selecting means, a rotary member to move said speed selecting means and thereby vary the exposure period of said shutter, said member being rotatable between two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said member between said two positions, means to preselect any one of said exposure periods by limiting movement of said rotating member, means to load said driving mechanism, means operative upon actuation of said loading means to set said shutter at said described speed, adiaphragm of variable aperture, oscillatible diaphragm aperture varying means, a rotary member to move said diaphragm aperture varying means and thereby adjust the opening of said diaphragm, said last named member being rotatable between two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said last named member between said two positions, means to preselect any one of said apertures by limiting movementof said last named member, means to load said last named driving mechanism, means operative upon actuation of said last named phragm aperture varying means and thereby adjust the opening or said diaphragm, said last named member being movablebetween-two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said last named member between said two positions, means to preselect anyone 01 said diaphragm apertures by limiting movement of said last named member, means to load said last named driving mechanism, means operative upon actuation of said last named loading means to open said diaphragm to its maximum aperture, a third reciprocable member movable between two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said third member between said two positions, means to load said third driving mechanism simultaneously with the loading of the first two driving mechanisms, means operative upon actuation of said third loading means to position said mirror between said aperture and lens so as to render said viewing optical system eflective and to depress said tripping means, a release member, means operable upon actuation of said release member to ren r all of said driving mechanisms efiective w ereby to reduce said diaphragm aperture opening to a preselected opening and set said shutter at a preselected exposure period, said third member positioning said mirror so as to render said photographic optical system effective upon actuation of said third driving mechanism, said third member having means to raise said shutter tripping means and close said shutter before said mirror is moved to render said photographic optical system eflective, and'said loading. means to open said diaphragmto its maximum aperture, said rotary members bein coaxial,-a third rotary member coaxial with said first two rotary members and rotatable between two extreme positions, a driving mechanism to move said third rotary member between said two positions, means to load said third driving mechanism simultaneously with the loading of the first two driving mechanisms, means operative upon actuation of said third loading means to position said mirror between. said aperture and lens so as to render said viewing optical system eflective and to depress said tripping means, a release member, means operable upon actuation of said release member to render all of said driving mechanisms-eflective whereby to reduce said diaphragm aperture opening to a preselected opening and set said shutter at a preselected exposure period, said third rotary member positioning said mirror so as to render said photographic optical system effective upon actuation of said third driving mechanism, said third rotary member having means to raise said shutter tripping means and close said shutter before said mirror is moved'to render said photographic optical system eflective, and said third rotary member also having means to trip said shutter at said preselected exposure speed after said mirror has been set in its last named position, said diaphragm has been set at its preselected opening and said shutter has been set at its preselected speed.

16. A camera as set forth in claim 15 wherein said third rotary member includes control means which said first two rotary members follow until haltedtby the speed and aperture preselecting means, said third member tripping said shutter after it has passed a position corresponding to the extreme movements oi said first two rotary members.

17. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system ineflective, a shutter, a diaphragm having an adjustable aperture, means to adjust said aperture, means to move said adjusting means, means operable upon actuation of said mechanism to move said moving means in a direction and to a degree to open said aperture to its maximum extent, a diaphragm aperture preselecting means which limits movement of said moving means, a release member, and means operable upon actuation of said release member to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system ineffective and said photographic optical system completely efiective, to actuate said moving means so as to close said aperture to a preselected degree and only then to trip said shutter.

18. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system ineffective, a shutter, a diaphragm having an adjustable aperture, means to adjust said aperture. means to move said adjusting means, means operable upon actuation of said mechanism to move said moving means in a direction and to a degree to open said aperture to its maximum extent, a diaphragm aperture preselecting means which limits movement of said moving means, a release member, and means operable upon actuation of said release member to position said mirror so as to render. said viewing optical system ineffective and said photographic optical system completely efl'ective, to actuate said moving means so as to close said aperture to a preselected degree and to trip said shutter, the means for moving the adjusting means following the means for tripping the shutter upon actuation of the release member to thereby control the operation of said preselecting means so that the diaphragm is set at its preselected aperture opening before the shutter is tripped.

19. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system includlng an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system. a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system eflective and said photographic optical system ineffective, a shutter, a diaphragm having an adjustable aperture, means to adjust said aperture, means to move said adjusting means, means operable upon actuation of said mechanism to move said moving means in a direction and to a degree to open said aperture to its maximum extent, a diaphragm aperture preselecting means which limits movement of said moving means, a release member, means operable upon actuation of said release member to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system ineflective and said photographic optical system completely effective, means also operable upon actuation of said release member to render said moving means eil'ective, and means likewise operable upon actu- 2,sse,aso

ation .of said release member to trip said shutter, said last named means being followed by the moving means upon actuation of the release member to thereby control the operation of said diaphragm aperture preselecting means so that said diaphragm is set at a preselected aperture opening before the shutter is tripped.

20. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing-optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system ineffective, a shutter, a diaphragm having an adjustable aperture, means to adjust said aperture, means to move said adjusting means, means operable upon actuation of said mechanism to move said moving means in a direction and to a degree to open said aperture to its maximum extent, a diaphragm aperture'preselecting means which limits movement of said moving means, a release member, means operable upon actuation of said release member to trip said shutter, means interconnecting said last named means and said mirror to position said mirror upon actuation of said release member so as to render said viewing optical system ineffective and said photographic optical system completely eflective, and means also operable upon actuation of said release member to render said moving means eflective, said means for tripping said shutter upon actuation of said release member being followed by the moving means to thereby control the operation of the preselecting means so that the diaphragm aperture opening is preselected before the shutter is tripped.

21. A reflex camera comprising a viewing optical system including a reflex mirror, a photographic optical system including an objective lens which also forms part of said viewing optical system, a mechanism to position said mirror so as to render said viewing optical system effective and said photographic optical system ineffective, a shutter, a diaphragm having an ad- ,iustable aperture, means to adjust said aperture, means to move said adjusting means, means operable upon actuation of said mechanism to move said moving means in a direction and to a degree to open said aperture to its maximum extent, a diaphragm aperture preselecting means which limits movement of said moving means, a release member, a rotary member, a driving mechanism for said rotary member which is loaded upon movement of the mechanism which positions the mirror to render the viewing optical system effective, means to latch said rotary member with the driving mechanism loaded, said rotary member being unlatched upon actuation of said release member to actuate said moving means so as to reduce said aperture to a preselected opening, said moving means following said rotary member upon actuation of said release member to thereby control the operation of the preselecting means, means on said rotating member to position said mirror upon actuation of said release member so as to render said viewing optical system ineffective and said photographical optical system completely eflective, and means on said rotary member to trip said shutter after the movement of said moving means is halted by said preselecting means and said photographical system is rendered completely effective.

JOSEPH PIGNONE 

